ISTQB 4.0 Foundation level mock test

 

ISTQB Foundation Level 4.0 Mock Exam (40 Questions)

Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Testing

1. Which of the following is a major objective of testing?
a) To find all defects in the software to ensure it is perfect.
b) To measure the quality level of the software after development is complete.
c) To provide information to stakeholders to allow them to make informed decisions about the quality of the software.
d) To hold developers accountable by pointing out their coding mistakes.

2. A developer makes a mistake while coding. This mistake is found by a static analysis tool before the code is executed. According to ISTQB terminology, what is this?
a) Failure
b) Error
c) Defect
d) Incident

3. "Testing can show the presence of defects, but cannot prove that there are no defects." This statement describes which of the 7 testing principles?
a) Exhaustive testing is impossible
b) Pesticide paradox
c) Defects cluster together
d) Testing shows presence of defects

4. Which testing principle explains the phenomenon where most of the defects are found in a small number of modules?
a) Absence-of-errors fallacy
b) Pesticide paradox
c) Defects cluster together
d) Testing starts early

5. Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the main activities in the test process?
a) Planning -> Implementation -> Execution -> Analysis & Design -> Completion
b) Planning -> Analysis & Design -> Implementation -> Execution -> Completion
c) Analysis & Design -> Planning -> Implementation -> Execution -> Completion
d) Planning -> Analysis & Design -> Execution -> Implementation -> Completion

6. Which of the following statements about testing and debugging is TRUE?
a) Testing and debugging are the same activity.
b) Testing is the activity of finding and fixing the cause of a failure.
c) Debugging is the activity of finding defects.
d) Testing can reveal failures, and debugging is the activity of finding and fixing the cause of the defects.</li

7. What is the most important attitude for constructive communication between testers and developers?
a) Communicating objectively based on facts, rather than blaming individuals.
b) Pressuring developers to fix defects quickly.
c) Reporting every issue found as a defect without question.
d) Making test reports as simple as possible to reduce the burden on developers.

8. Which statement best describes the relationship between Quality Assurance (QA) and testing?
a) QA is a part of the testing activities.
b) Testing is a part of the QA activities.
c) QA and testing are completely separate activities.
d) QA is done by the development team, and testing is done exclusively by the test team.

Chapter 2: Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle

9. In the V-model, the system test plan is mainly based on the work products of which development phase?
a) Code
b) Detailed Design
c) Architectural Design
d) Requirements Specification

10. What is the main purpose of System Testing?
a) To verify that individual components work as specified.
b) To verify the interfaces and interactions between components.
c) To verify that the complete system meets the specified requirements.
d) To determine if users can accept the system in their operational environment.

11. Which type of test is needed to verify the requirement: "This website must be able to handle 1,000 concurrent users during peak hours"?
a) Functional Testing
b) Security Testing
c) Performance Testing
d) Usability Testing

12. Which of the following is the best description of confirmation testing?
a) It is performed to check for unintended side-effects caused by a change in the software.
b) It is re-running a previously failed test to verify that a defect has been fixed.
c) It is testing the new functionality of the software.
d) It is re-testing all the functionality of the software.

13. Which of the following statements about Acceptance Testing is FALSE?
a) It can be performed by customers or users.
b) It focuses on checking if the system meets business requirements.
c) It is generally the first level of testing to be performed.
d) It provides important information to decide if the system is ready for release.

14. What type of testing involves designing test cases based on the requirements specification without looking at the source code?
a) White-box testing
b) Black-box testing
c) Non-functional testing
d) Structural testing

 

Chapter 3: Static Testing

15. Which of the following is the most appropriate characteristic of static testing?
a) It finds defects by executing the code.
b) It requires a software execution environment.
c) It finds defects by analyzing code or documents without executing them.
d) It is mainly performed late in the software development lifecycle.

16. Which type of defect is more effectively found by static testing than by dynamic testing?
a) Performance bottlenecks
b) Incorrect calculation results
c) Code structure that hinders maintainability
d) Memory leaks

17. In a formal review process, who is responsible for planning and running the meeting, and for tracking follow-up actions?
a) Author
b) Reviewer
c) Scribe
d) Moderator

18. What is used to automatically check for violations of coding standards, security vulnerabilities, and code complexity?
a) Test Execution Tool
b) Static Analysis Tool
c) Performance Test Tool
d) Requirements Management Tool

 

Chapter 4: Test Analysis and Design

19. An airline's mileage status has three levels: "Basic, Silver, Gold". If you use the equivalence partitioning technique to test this status, what is the minimum number of test cases required? (Consider valid partitions only)
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 6

20. A field for entering a test score accepts integers from 0 to 100. Using the Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) technique, which of the following is the most appropriate set of test values? (Based on 2-value BVA)
a) 0, 50, 100
b) -1, 0, 100, 101
c) 0, 1, 99, 100
d) 1, 99

21. You are testing a login function where a user enters an "ID" and "Password". Below is a decision table for this function. What should the result (X) be?

Conditions	Rule 1	Rule 2	Rule 3	Rule 4
Valid ID	T	T	F	-
Valid Password	T	F	-	F
Actions
Login Success	X
Error Message		O	O	O

a) O (Login Success)
b) O (Error Message)
c) Not applicable
d) More rules needed

 

22. An ATM allows a user to enter an incorrect PIN up to three times. On the third incorrect attempt, the card is blocked. Which black-box test design technique is most suitable for testing this scenario?
a) Equivalence Partitioning
b) Boundary Value Analysis
c) State Transition Testing
d) Use Case Testing

23. For the following code, what is the minimum number of test cases required to achieve 100% statement coverage?

READ A
READ B
IF A > 5 THEN
    PRINT "A is large"
ENDIF
PRINT "End"

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

24. For the same code in question, what is the minimum number of test cases required to achieve 100% branch coverage?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

25. What is the technique of guessing where defects might occur, based on testing experience and knowledge, and designing tests for those areas?
a) Exploratory Testing
b) Error Guessing
c) Checklist-based Testing
d) Use Case Testing

26. Which of the following is NOT a black-box test design technique?
a) Decision Table Testing
b) State Transition Testing
c) Statement Testing
d) Equivalence Partitioning

27. What is the key characteristic of Exploratory Testing?
a) All test cases are documented in advance and executed strictly.
b) Test learning, design, and execution occur simultaneously.
c) It is the most suitable technique for inexperienced testers.
d) It is primarily used to test the logical flow of the code.

28. An online shop offers a 10% discount to VIP customers and a 5% discount to regular customers. Free shipping is applied for purchases over $100. Which technique is most suitable for testing this policy?
a) State Transition Testing
b) Decision Table Testing
c) Boundary Value Analysis
d) Error Guessing

29. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a component of a test case specification?
a) Test Condition
b) Precondition
c) Test Data
d) Actual Result

30. What is the main purpose of Use Case Testing?
a) To verify the functionality of individual system components.
b) To verify business scenarios or processes from a user's perspective.
c) To test all branches of the code.
d) To test the performance limits of the system.

 

Chapter 5: Managing the Test Activities

31. Which of the following items is NOT typically included in a test plan?
a) Test Items
b) Entry and Exit Criteria
c) Detailed design of individual test cases
d) Risks and Contingencies

32. Which of the following is the most appropriate example of an 'Exit Criterion' for a test project?
a) The test environment has been set up.
b) At least 95% of all test cases have been executed, and at least 85% have passed.
c) The test team has been assembled.
d) The development team has completed all unit tests.

33. What is the process of predicting the effort required for testing activities?
a) Test Monitoring
b) Test Control
c) Test Estimation
d) Test Strategy

34. What is the term for the actions taken to correct deviations from the plan during test execution?
a) Test Monitoring
b) Test Control
c) Risk Management
d) Defect Management

35. "The possibility that a test engineer with specific skills might leave the company" is an example of what type of risk?
a) Product Risk
b) Project Risk
c) Business Risk
d) Technical Risk

36. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be included in a defect report?
a) Steps to reproduce the defect.
b) The name of the developer who caused the defect.
c) The expected result and the actual result.
d) The severity and priority of the defect.

37. What is the document that summarizes all testing activities for stakeholders?
a) Test Plan
b) Test Case Specification
c) Defect Report
d) Test Summary Report

 

Chapter 6: Test Tools

38. Which test tool is most useful for automating and repeatedly running regression tests?
a) Test Execution Tool
b) Performance Test Tool
c) Static Analysis Tool
d) Requirements Management Tool

39. Which of the following is NOT a potential risk when introducing a new test tool into an organization?
a) Having unrealistic expectations for the tool.
b) Underestimating the time and effort required to learn the tool.
c) The test process is improved due to the tool's introduction.
d) Technical problems with the tool or lack of vendor support.

40. What is a key success factor for successfully introducing a new test tool into an organization?
a) Choosing the most expensive tool with the most features.
b) Setting clear objectives and first applying it to a small-scale pilot project.
c) Forcing all testers to use the tool.
d) Immediately abandoning all existing manual tests after introducing the tool.

 

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정답 및 해설

문제 번호	정답	챕터	해설
1	C	1	테스팅의 주요 목적은 이해관계자가 제품 품질에 대해 정보에 기반한 결정을 내릴 수 있도록 정보를 제공하는 것입니다.
2	B	1	사람이 저지르는 실수는 '오류(Error)', 코드에 남은 실수는 '결함(Defect)', 실행 시 관찰되는 현상은 '실패(Failure)'입니다.
3	D	1	이 문장은 "테스팅은 결함이 존재함을 밝히는 활동이다"라는 7가지 테스팅 원리 중 하나를 그대로 설명하고 있습니다.
4	C	1	소수의 모듈에 대부분의 결함이 몰려있는 현상은 '결함 집중(Defects cluster together)' 원리로 설명됩니다.
5	B	1	테스트 프로세스는 계획 → 분석 및 설계 → 구현 → 실행 → 완료 및 보고의 순서로 진행됩니다.
6	D	1	테스팅은 실패를 드러내는 활동이며, 디버깅은 그 원인인 결함을 찾아 수정하는 개발 활동입니다.
7	A	1	개인을 비난하지 않고 사실에 기반한 객관적이고 건설적인 태도가 테스터와 개발자 간의 협업에 필수적입니다.
8	B	1	품질 보증(QA)은 프로세스 중심의 더 넓은 개념이며, 테스팅은 품질 보증 활동의 중요한 일부입니다.
9	D	2	V-모델에서 시스템 테스팅은 비즈니스 및 시스템 요구사항 명세서(Requirements Specification)를 기반으로 계획됩니다.
10	C	2	시스템 테스팅은 통합된 전체 시스템이 명시된 기능 및 비기능 요구사항을 충족하는지 검증하는 데 목적이 있습니다.
11	C	2	동시 접속자 수, 응답 시간 등은 대표적인 비기능적 품질 특성 중 '성능(Performance)'에 해당합니다.
12	B	2	확인 테스팅(Confirmation testing)은 보고된 결함이 성공적으로 수정되었는지 확인하기 위해 실패했던 테스트를 다시 실행하는 것입니다.
13	C	2	인수 테스팅(Acceptance Testing)은 컴포넌트, 통합, 시스템 테스트 이후에 수행되는 높은 수준의 테스트 레벨입니다.
14	B	2	블랙박스 테스팅(Black-box testing)은 소프트웨어의 내부 구조나 코드에 대한 지식 없이 명세서를 기반으로 테스트하는 기법입니다.
15	C	3	정적 테스팅(Static Testing)은 코드를 실행하지 않고(non-execution) 문서나 코드를 분석하여 결함을 찾는 활동입니다.
16	C	3	정적 테스팅은 유지보수성을 저해하는 코드 구조, 코딩 표준 위반 등 실행 중에는 발견하기 어려운 문제를 찾는 데 효과적입니다.
17	D	3	사회자(Moderator)는 리뷰 프로세스 전반을 이끌며 회의 진행, 중재, 후속 조치 추적 등의 책임을 집니다.
18	B	3	정적 분석 도구(Static Analysis Tool)는 소스 코드를 분석하여 잠재적인 결함이나 취약점을 자동으로 찾아냅니다.
19	B	4	유효한 동등 분할은 "Basic", "Silver", "Gold" 3개이므로, 각 파티션에서 하나씩 테스트 케이스를 선택하면 최소 3개가 필요합니다.
20	B	4	2-값 경계값 분석은 각 경계의 값과 경계를 벗어난 바로 인접한 값을 테스트합니다. 0과 100이 경계이므로, -1(무효), 0(유효), 100(유효), 101(무효)가 적절합니다.
21	A	4	규칙 1은 아이디와 비밀번호가 모두 유효(T)한 조건이므로, 결과는 '로그인 성공(Login Success)'이 되어야 합니다.
22	C	4	PIN 입력 시도, 잠김 등 시스템이 명확한 '상태(State)'와 상태 간의 '전이(Transition)'를 가지므로 상태 전이 테스팅이 가장 적합합니다.
23	A	4	구문 커버리지(Statement Coverage)는 모든 코드가 한 번 이상 실행되면 됩니다. A=6을 입력하면 IF문 안과 밖의 모든 PRINT 구문이 실행되므로 테스트 케이스 1개면 충분합니다.
24	B	4	분기 커버리지(Branch Coverage)는 IF문의 참(True)과 거짓(False) 경로를 모두 테스트해야 합니다. A=6 (True)와 A=4 (False) 두 개의 테스트 케이스가 필요합니다.
25	B	4	오류 추정(Error Guessing)은 테스터의 경험과 직관에 의존하여 결함이 있을 만한 곳을 추측하고 테스트하는 경험 기반 기법입니다.
26	C	4	구문 테스팅(Statement Testing)은 코드의 구조를 보는 화이트박스 기법입니다. 나머지는 모두 블랙박스 기법입니다.
27	B	4	탐색적 테스팅(Exploratory Testing)은 정해진 절차 없이 테스트 학습, 설계, 실행을 동시에 수행하며 시스템을 탐색하는 기법입니다.
28	B	4	고객 등급과 구매 금액이라는 여러 조건의 조합에 따라 다른 결과(할인율, 배송비)가 나오므로, 결정 테이블 테스팅이 논리적 조합을 테스트하기에 가장 적합합니다.
29	D	4	실제 결과(Actual Result)는 테스트 케이스를 '실행'한 후에 기록되는 것이며, 테스트 케이스를 '설계(specification)'할 때는 기대 결과(Expected Result)가 포함됩니다.
30	B	4	유스케이스 테스팅(Use Case Testing)은 시스템과 상호작용하는 사용자(액터)의 관점에서 엔드-투-엔드 비즈니스 흐름을 검증하는 데 중점을 둡니다.
31	C	5	테스트 계획서(Test Plan)에는 전반적인 전략, 범위, 리스크 등이 포함되며, 개별 테스트 케이스의 상세한 설계 내용은 테스트 설계 명세서에 포함됩니다.
32	B	5	종료 조건(Exit Criteria)은 테스트를 언제 중단할지를 결정하는 객관적인 기준입니다. '테스트 케이스 실행률 및 통과율'이 대표적인 예입니다.
33	C	5	테스트 추정(Test Estimation)은 테스트 활동을 완료하는 데 필요한 시간, 노력, 비용 등을 예측하는 활동입니다.
34	B	5	테스트 제어(Test Control)는 모니터링을 통해 파악된 계획과의 차이를 바로잡기 위해 취하는 모든 수정 조치를 의미합니다.
35	B	5	인력, 예산, 시간, 환경 등 테스트 프로젝트의 목표 달성을 저해하는 리스크는 프로젝트 리스크(Project Risk)입니다. 제품의 품질과 관련된 것은 제품 리스크입니다.
36	B	5	결함 보고서는 결함을 유발한 개발자를 비난하는 것이 아니라, 결함 자체에 대한 객관적인 정보를 전달하는 것이 목적입니다.
37	D	5	테스트 요약 보고서(Test Summary Report)는 특정 테스트 활동이 완료되었을 때 그 결과를 요약하여 이해관계자에게 전달하는 공식 문서입니다.
38	A	6	테스트 실행 도구(Test Execution Tool)는 스크립트화된 테스트를 자동으로 실행하고 결과를 기록하는 데 사용되며, 회귀 테스트 자동화에 핵심적입니다.
39	C	6	도구 도입으로 테스트 프로세스가 개선되는 것은 리스크가 아니라 도구 도입의 목표이자 긍정적인 결과입니다.
40	B	6	명확한 목표를 세우고, 파일럿 프로젝트를 통해 점진적으로 도입하며 경험을 쌓는 것이 성공적인 도구 도입의 핵심 요인입니다.